Rapidly increasing organic carbon of poor soil is an important way to improve soil and increase land productivity. In this study, through greenhouse pot experiment of sandy loess, 7 treatments were designed (each treatment with 5 replicates), i.e., sandy loess control (CK), sandy loess + woody peat (LW), sandy loess + lignite 1 (LC1), sandy loess + lignite 2 (LC2), sandy loess + woody peat + red clay soil clay (LWR), sandy loess + woody peat + arsenic clay (LWS) and sand loess + woody peat + bentonite (LWB). Spinach growth and physiological indexes during the growth period (35 days) and the effect on soil organic carbon (SOC) were compared. The results show that:compared with CK, spinach yield and SOC content at the harvest stage are increased significantly under other treatments (P<0.05), in which the yield increased by 18.6%, 51.3%, 80.8%, 127.6%, 148.1% and 203.8%, while SOC increased by 92.4%, 84.3%, 66.8%, 84.0%, 116.3% and 98.3% respectively under the treatments of LW, LC2, LC1, LWS, LWR and LWB, while soil pH is reduced to a certain extent. Compared with LW, after supplementation of clay material, spinach leaf areas at harvest stage are increased significantly by 55.0%, 86.5% and 98.3% (P<0.05), respectively under LWS, LWR and LWB. Soil pH, electrical conductivity, organic carbon and total nitrogen content vary to a certain extent but without significant difference. In conclusion, Single application of woody peat and two lignite substances have different effects on the growth of spinach and the increase of SOC. Among them, woody peat has greater effect on SOC but smaller effect on spinach growth than lignite substances. On the basis of adding woody peat, supplementing clay materials has significant effects on the increase of spinach leaf area and yield. To a certain extent, SOC is increased and soil physiochemical properties are improved. Among all the treatments, woody peat + bentonite has the best comprehensive effect. This study provides a new way for rapid fertilization and fertility maintenance of coarse soil.