The spatial distribution of Cd, Cu, Cr, Pb, Zn and As in cropland in Fengqiu County of Henan Province were explored based on inverse distance weighted interpolation method. Simultaneously, the geographical detector model was adopted to illustrate the effects of 8 influencing factors on heavy metal spatial distribution. The results show that the average contents of Cd, Cr, Pb and Zn are higher while Cu and As are lower than the background values of the fluvo-aquic soil in the lower Yellow River. All heavy metal contents in soil are lower than the allowable values for agricultural land except for Cd from few samples. The high-values of Cd, Cr, and Pb are distributed in the middle, southwest and north, respectively, while As is distributed in the north and southwest. The high-values of Cu and Zn are shown in zonal distribution. The low-values of Cd, Pb and As are mainly distributed in the south, and the low-values of Cr, Cu, Zn and As mainly distributed in the middle. According to the geo-detector model, the spatial distribution of heavy metals is influenced by both the natural and artificial factors, among of which, soil organic matter content is a dominant natural factor, while the population density is the primary artificial one. The interaction effect of each two factors is greater than that of single factor, especially the interaction between soil organic matter and other factors.