In order to explore the research status and development trends in the field of soil carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) interaction, 7 757 literatures in the core data of Web of Science from 1990 to 2020 were visually analyzed, and Citespace software was used to draw scientific knowledge graph of keywords, co-cited documents, countries, institutions, and authors. The results showed that the international research in the field of soil C, N and P interaction has gone through three stages, including steady period, slow growth and rapid growth, which is currently in the stage of rapid development. In the field of soil C, N and P interaction, the research direction has experienced the transformation trend from nutrient and yield management to environmental quality monitoring and assessment, and now microorganism and soil quality management has been the main direction. The research on the addition of organic matter and biochar to agriculture instead of chemical fertilizers has been actively promoted in order to reduce agricultural carbon emissions and agricultural non-point source pollution. China has issued the largest number of papers in this field, which has strongly promoted the development of soil C, N and P interaction research, and own close cooperation with the international community. The United States has the second largest number of articles and the highest intermediary centrality, which has the strongest influence in this field. At present, the main research focus is the direction of soil microorganisms combined with the stoichiometric ratio of soil C, N and P, and the research branch decreases greatly.