In order to investigate the effect of land-use pattern on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) community in acidic red soil, the diversity and composition of AMF communities in the bulk and rhizosphere soils under four land-use patterns (natural vegetation, maize, peanut and soybean) were investigated. The results show that Glomus and Paraglomus are the two genera with the highest relative abundances in the AMF community in acidic soil. Land-use pattern significantly affects their relative abundances, but the effect of rhizosphere is not significant. The Shannon index and species richness of AMF community are significantly affected by land-use pattern rather than rhizosphere effect. Among the four land-use patterns, soybean field shows the lowest Shannon index and species richness. Non-metric multi-dimensional scale (NMDS) and permutation multivariate variance analysis (PERMANOVA) show that both land-use pattern and rhizosphere effect significantly affect AMF community composition, and the effect intensity of land-use pattern is significantly higher than that of rhizosphere effect. Similarity percentage (SIMPER) shows that the genus Glomus mainly explains the differences in AMF community compositions among different land-use patterns. Soil pH is the most important factor affecting soil AMF community structure. Therefore, land-use pattern has a greater effect on AMF community than rhizosphere effect in acidic red soil, demonstrating the important role of land-use change in influencing soil AMF community.