Abstract:In this paper, the Meta-analysis method was used to study the influence of fertilization on soil organic carbon (SOC) in the farmland topsoil (0-20 cm) in China. Overall, compared with the CK (no fertilizer) treatment, fertilization significantly increased SOC content by 0.23 g/(kg·a), and the practices of CF (inorganic fertilizer only), COF (inorganic combined with organic fertilizer), and OF (organic fertilizer only) significantly increased net annual change rates (NAC) of SOC. The NAC of SOC under COF treatment was the largest (0.36 g/(kg·a)), while the CF treatment caused the lowest NAC (0.08 g/(kg·a)). In addition, the effect was more significant under low mean annual temperature (<9℃), applying organic fertilizer had a higher NAC of SOC than applying inorganic fertilizer alone under crop rotation or initial soil total nitrogen (STN) more than 0.60 g/kg condition.