High soil salinity content seriously affects the survival of nursery-grown plants and lawns in urban green belt in Lanzhou New Area. In this study the saline soil in the green belt of Lanzhou New Area was taken as the study object, the effects of no fertilization (CK), six kinds of saline-alkali soil amendments of Hekang (T₁), lactobacillus (T₂), phosphogypsum (T₃), carbon-based fertilizer (T₄), no application for farming (T₅), and urea phosphate (T₆) on the chemical and biological characteristics of turf rhizosphere soil were studied by a pot experiment. The results show that compared with CK, soil pH is decreased, while the contents of soil organic matter, available phosphorus, microbial biomass carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus, and the activities of alkaline phosphatase and dehydrogenase are increased after the application of the amendments. Soil bacterial community richness and diversity indices (Chao1 and Shannon-wiener) are significantly lower than CK, and Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Acidobacteria, and Gemmatimonadetes are the special bacteria. T₄ and T₆ significantly increase the relative abundance of Proteobacteria, T₂ significantly increases the relative abundance of Actinobacteria, and T₁ significantly increases the relative abundance of Gemmatimonadetes and Acidobacteria. Redundancy analysis and Monte Carlo permutation test show that soil available nitrogen and phosphorus contents are important driving force of bacterial composition.