With the support of black box theory and the monitoring data of Cr, Pb, Cd, As and Hg in soil, the health risks and their spatio-temporal distributions in Luhe district of Nanjing City were assessed and predicted by using the health risk assessment model and inverse distance weight interpolation method, and then the corresponding control objectives were proposed. The results show that the average annual accumulation rates of Cr, As, Pb, Cd and Hg were –0.711, 0.558, 0.006, –0.086 and 0.013 mg/(kg·a)with the moderate or high variation of from 2007 to 2017, respectively. The minimum carcinogenic risks of Cr and As for children were 13.307×10^–6 and 4.548×10^–6 in 2017, respectively. The maximum non-carcinogenic risk of Pb for children was 1.366, and the sites higher than 1 account for 11.58% of all sites, which indicated Cr, Pb and As are the main health risk characteristic factors. From 2017 to 2030, the non-carcinogenic risk of Pb shows an upward trend, and the areas higher than 1 are mainly distributed in the southern area such as Dachang and Changlu streets and the northern area with the core of Jinniuhu street. The children carcinogenic risks of Cr and As show the downward trend, but their corresponding average values are higher than 8.670×10^–6 and 9.564×10^–6, respectively, and the areas with the children carcinogenic risk higher than 20×10^–6 for Cr are gradually concentrated in the surrounding areas of Luhe Economic Development Zone and Industrial Park, while the areas with the children carcinogenic risk higher than 10×10^–6 for As is gradually concentrated in the northern part including Ma'an street. Based on 2030 carcinogenic risk control targets, the contents need to be reduced to 37.500 mg/kgfor Cr and 4.167 mg/kgfor As, and their reduction rates should be reduced from 0.97 mg/(kg·a) to 8.122 mg/(kg·a) and from 0.305 mg/(kg·a) to 0.747 mg/(kg·a), with the corresponding mean values of 3.176 mg/(kg·a) and 0.381 mg/(kg·a) respectively. Furthermore, the regions with high Cr reduction rates are mainly distributed around Luhe Economic Development Zone and the south of Yeshan town, and the regions for As is mainly distributed in the north, including the west of Zhuzhen town, the north of Yeshan town and the north of Ma'an street.