Considerable plant root exudates are the key factor to maintain the vitality of rhizosphere microecosystem and an important part of rhizosphere material cycle, which plays an important driving role in material cycle in soil ecological environment. Plants release root exudates that stimulate microbial growth, activity, and turnover to accelerate nutrient cycling in the rhizosphere, increase nutrient utilization in soil ecosystem, and cause changes in CO₂ and CH₄ fluxes in small-scale space. Different plants release various root secretion for long-term survival nutrients between species, but some can secrete harmful allelochemicals to kill other sensitive plants, even which are poison to themselves or causing continuous cropping obstacle, etc. They could also affect soil microbial community through root exudates to exclude other plants, and finally realize self-survival. Plants’ healthy growth depend on their interactions with the complex dynamic community of soil microorganisms, but the rhizosphere microbial community structure and composition is affected by the plant species and growth phases, soil properties, function genes, etc., the dynamic changes of these factors may lead to the diversification of root exudates, thus forming a complex and variable relationship between root exudates and plants, and affecting the healthy growth of plants. Therefore, the research on plant root exudates is a hot topic in the fields of soil ecology, plant nutrition and metabolism. With the continuous development of analytical techniques, the research on plant root exudates is getting more and more detailed, which has certain guiding significance for the production of agriculture, forestry and other industries.