In order to screen out the suitable green manures to the study area, seven green manure varieties, with the winter idle field (CK) as the control, were used in a field experiment conducted to analyze the growth characters, yields and nutrients of different green manures and their effects on soil fertility yields nutrient absorption of rice of rice after turning over in the northern Jiangsu region. The results showed that different green manures were different in growth. On the whole, Vicia villosa var. and Vicia sativa L. had the highest biomass and nutrient contents, which were 46.07 t/hm² and 38.74 t/hm² respectively, their nutrient contents and accumulation were significantly higher than those of other green manures. Planting green manure had the potential to promote soil nutrient accumulation and had a positive role in improving soil fertility. Among other, soil pH of Vicia sativa L. after turning over was 0.71% higher than CK, and the contents of soil organic matter, and total nitrogen of Vicia villosa var. after turning over were 1.56% and 8.86% higher than CK. After green manure turning over, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium contents and accumulation of rice straws and grains were significantly increased, among them, Vicia sativa L. had the best comprehensive effect. Compared with CK, after the Vicia sativa L. was turned over, the total nitrogen and total phosphorus accumulation of rice straws were increased by 15.18% and 14.98% respectively, total nitrogen and total potassium accumulation of rice grains were increased by 9.98% and 15.02% respectively, and total nitrogen and total phosphorus accumulation above the ground were increased by 14.75% and 20.42% respectively. In conclusion, the biomass and nutrient accumulation of Vicia villosa var. and Vicia sativa L. are higher, and Vicia villosa var. can improve soil fertility to a certain extent, while Vicia sativa L. can promote nutrient contents and accumulation of rice, they both are suitable green fertilizer varieties for planting in the research area