In this study, different biochars were prepared with rice straw, corn straw and peanut shell using the oxygen-limiting heating carbonization method and their influences on phosphorus (P) adsorption and desorption in brown soil were studied through batch adsorption experiment in order to reduce the loss of soil P and improve the utilization efficiency of P fertilizer. The results showed that rice straw biochar significantly improved P adsorption with an addition of 4 g/kg, while peanut shell and corn straw biochars significantly reduced P adsorption. The change trend of isothermal adsorption curves were similar under different biochars, all could be described well by Langmuir and Freundlich equations (R²>0.93), among them, Langmuir equation fitted better. P maximum theoretical adsorption caused by different treatments was as follows:rice straw biochar + brown soil> brown soil> peanut shell biochar + brown soil> corn straw biochar + brown soil. The adsorption kinetic experiments showed that the trend of P adsorption kinetic curve did not changed under different biochars, among all kinetic models, the quasi-secondary kinetic model was the best suitable to describe P adsorption behavior (R²>0.99), followed by the quasi-first-order kinetic model (R²>0.99) and Elovich kinetic model (R²>0.88); The three kinds of biochars significantly promoted P desorption of brown soil, when biochar addition was ≥ 2 g/kg, rice straw, corn straw and peanut shell biochars could improve P desorption rate by 50%, 75% and 90%, respectively. In conclusion, different biochars can improve P supply and utilization of brown soil, and rice straw biochar has greater application value in reducing P loss of brown soil and protecting the ecological environment.