Rhizosphere microbial community is closely related to plant health. However, rhizosphere microbial community are huge in member and complex in structure, which hinders the further research on rhizosphere immune mechanism of the interactions between microbial communities and their members. Because of simple structure and controllable interaction mode, synthetic microbial community plays an important role in the research of rhizosphere microecology, on the one hand, it provides new ideas for investigating functions and mechanisms of microbial-microbial and microbial-plant interaction; on the other hand, synthetic microbial community can be transformed into agricultural knowledge and promote agricultural green development. Therefore, in this paper, the current research progresses was reviewed from the aspects of the construction and function of growth promotion and stress resistance of synthetic microbial community, and the research direction of synthetic microflora in the future and their great potential for promoting the green development of agriculture were also prospected.