通过田间试验，以传统配方肥+尿素一基两追施肥模式（CG）为对照，研究了以脲甲醛类缓控释肥（NC）和木质素类缓控释肥（MC）为基肥、脲铵为分蘖或穗分化追肥的缓控释肥+脲铵一基一追施肥模式对水稻产量、氮吸收累积、氮素利用效率以及土壤养分的影响。结果表明：缓控释肥+脲铵一基一蘖施肥模式水稻产量与CG处理相比无明显差异，但脲甲醛类缓控释肥+脲铵（NC-S）和木质素类缓控释肥+脲铵一基一穗（MC-S）处理分别比CG处理明显增产3.96%和6.01%，主要原因为NC-S和MC-S处理每穗粒数分别比CG处理明显增加16.7%和17.6%；与CG处理相比，脲甲醛类缓控释肥+脲铵（NC-F）和木质素类缓控释肥+脲铵一基一蘖（MC-F）处理成熟期地上部氮累积分别比CG处理增加2.50%和5.89%，NC-S和MC-S处理分别比CG处理明显增加10.0%和11.6%；NC-S和MC-S处理氮素利用效率（NUE）分别比CG处理高3.96%和6.01%。缓控释肥+脲铵一基一追施肥模式增加了水稻氮吸收效率（NupE）和表观氮肥回收效率（ANR），其中MC-S处理的NupE明显比CG处理高11.6%，NC-S和MC-S处理的ANR分别比CG处理明显高25.4%和29.3%。缓控释肥+脲铵一基一追施肥模式土壤碱解氮含量明显比CG处理增加6.58%~10.7%，其中，一基一穗施肥模式增加比例更大；另外，土壤有机质含量比CG处理增加1.11%~7.56%。由此可见，缓控释肥+脲铵一基一穗施肥模式更有利于提高水稻产量和氮素利用效率，增加土壤肥力。

A field experiment was conducted to study rice yields, characteristics of N use efficiency and soil nutrients under controlled-release fertilizers (as urea formaldehyde-based one (NC) and lignin-based one (MC)) as basal fertilizer and ammonium urea as topdressing, which were contrasted by traditional formula fertilizer as basal fertilizer and urea as two topdressing (abbreviated as CG). The results showed that the treatments of controlled-release fertilizers as basal fertilizer and ammonium urea as tillering topdressing had no significant effect on rice yield compared to CG. However, compared to CG, NC and MC with basal fertilizers and ammonium urea as panicle fertilizer (abbreviated as NC-S and MC-S, respectively) significantly increased yield by 3.96% and 6.01%, respectively, which should be attributed to 16.7% and 17.6% respectively higher than CG in spikelet number per panicle, meanwhile, they significantly increased nitrogen accumulation in above-ground parts of rice by 10.0% and 11.6%. Compared to CG, NC and MC as basal fertilizers and ammonium urea as tillering fertilizer (abbreviated as NC-F and MC-F, respectively) increased nitngen accumulation by 2.50% and 5.89%, respectively, meanwhile, they increased nitrogen use efficiencies (NUE) by 3.96% and 6.01%, respectively. The treatments of controlled-release fertilizers as basal fertilizer and urea ammonium as topdressing enhanced both nitrogen uptake efficiency (NupE) and apparent nitngen apparent recovery (ANR), of which MC-S significantly increased NupE by 11.6% than CG, NC-S and MC-S significantly increased ANR by 25.4% and 29.3% than CG, respectively. The treatments of controlled-release fertilizers as basal fertilizer and ammonium urea as topdressing significantly enhanced soil alkali hydrolyzable nitvogen by 6.58%-10.7% compared to CG, of which the treatments with ammonium urea as panicle fertilizer showed better effect, meanwhile, organic matter contents were found 1.11%-7.56% higher than CG. Therefore, controlled-release fertilizers as basal fertilizer and ammonium urea as panicle fertilizer is more conducive to improve rice yield and characteristics of nitrogen use efficiency, and increase soil fertility.

S14-33；S147.3；S158.3

浙江省‘尖兵’‘领雁’研发攻关计划项目（2022C02035），浙江省自然科学基金项目（LTGN23D010001）和嘉兴市科技计划项目（2022AZ10007）资助。