Due to the rapid growth of population, the limited arable land resources and the relative concentration of grain crop producing areas, long-term continuous cropping has become a universal development trend in agricultural production. With the increase of continuous cropping years, the production of food crops has been affected to varying degrees, so a series of continuous cropping obstacles caused by continuous cropping have become an important reason restricting the sustainable development of crop production, which has aroused widespread concern all over the world. Many crops will encounter continuous cropping obstacles under the long-term continuous cropping mode, which are mainly caused by plants self-toxicity, the reproduction of pathogenic microorganisms in soil, imbalance of microbial flora, deterioration of soil physiochemical properties and accumulation of root-knot nematodes. At present, scientific researchers have developed a plurality of green and effective biological prevention and control methods for continuous cropping obstacles according to important factors of continuous cropping obstacles, which are mainly realized by developing biological agents, organic fertilizers, soil strong reduction measures and phage therapy. Various experiments prove that these methods are effective, green and environment-friendly, which conform to the concept of green and sustainable development in China. In view of this, this review focused on the main factors of continuous cropping obstacles, and the various means of prevention of continuous cropping obstacles proposed in recent years, and predicted the trend of future research in this field in order to provide the basis for the research on continuous cropping obstacles for overcoming the problem of continuous cropping obstacles and promoting the healthy and sustainable development of new agriculture.