为减少土壤土传病害，保障农田土壤健康，指导有机物料合理利用，在有机物料用量和化肥用量一致的基础上，设置单施化肥（CK）、羊粪+化肥（A）、木薯渣+化肥（P）、木本泥炭+化肥（M）、味精废浆料+化肥（I）5个处理，以玉米为供试作物进行了有机物料与化肥配施试验，观察了不同处理下土壤真菌群落结构的变化。结果表明：施用有机物料降低了土壤真菌群落多样性，但提高了真菌群落丰富度，其中味精废浆料配施化肥处理的真菌群落丰富度最高，各处理土壤中优势真菌门类均为子囊菌门、担子菌门和被孢菌门。施用有机物料后，木薯渣、木本泥炭和味精废浆料处理的子囊菌门的相对丰度均增加，担子菌门的相对丰度均降低；而羊粪处理表现出相反趋势，子囊菌门的相对丰度降低，担子菌门的相对丰度增加。冗余分析结果表明，土壤pH是影响真菌群落的主要环境因子，其次为有机质、电导率和速效钾，而碱解氮和有效磷的影响较小。另外，有机物料与化肥配施可以提高腐生营养型和共生营养型真菌的比例，减少病原菌的数量，其中以木本泥炭与化肥配施的效果更显著，这有利于维持土壤生态系统的稳定，为作物生产提供健康的土壤条件。

To reduce soil-borne diseases, ensure the health of farmland soil, and guide the rational use of organic materials, a field experiment with maize as the test crop was conducted. Five treatments were set up on the basis of consistent application of organic materials and chemical fertilizers, including sole chemical fertilizer (CK), sheep manure + chemical fertilizer (A), cassava residue + chemical fertilizer (P), woody peat + chemical fertilizer (M), and MSG waste pulp + chemical fertilizer (I). The experiment aimed to observe the changes in soil fungal community structure under different treatments. The results indicated that the application of organic materials reduced the diversity but increased the richness of the soil fungal community. Among the treatments, the richness of the fungal community was highest in I treatment, and dominant fungal phyla in all treatments were Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, and Mortierellomycota. After the application of organic materials, the relative abundance of Ascomycota increased in P, M and I treatments, while the relative abundance of Basidiomycota decreased. In contrast, A treatment showed an opposite trend, with an decrease in the relative abundance of Ascomycota and a increase in Basidiomycota. Redundancy analysis revealed that soil pH was the primary environmental factor influencing the fungal community, followed by organic matter, electrical conductivity, and available potassium, with smaller effects observed for alkaline nitrogen and available phosphorus. Furthermore, the combined application of organic materials and chemical fertilizers increased the proportion of saprotrophic and symbiotic fungi, reducing the quantity of pathogenic fungi. Among the treatments, the combination of woody peat and chemical fertilizer showed the most significant effect, contributing to the maintenance of soil ecosystem stability and providing a healthy soil environment for crop production.

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中化化肥有限公司土壤健康技术与产品及集成方案开发项目（072023005F）资助。