Carbon emission data of energy consumption and carbon carrying capacity data of terrestrial ecosystem in Henan Province in recent 20 years were used to analyze carbon emissions. Based on the LMDI factorization model and Tapio decoupling model, the coupling between the driving factors of carbon emissions and economy were discussed. The results show that:1) From 2000 to 2020, carbon emissions in Henan Province showed a “rapid and then slow” growth, and the increase began to decrease and gradually stabilize after 2012. 2) Overall, carbon emissions were driven by economic output effect and population scale effect. On the contrary, carbon emissions were inhibited by energy consumption intensity effect and energy consumption structure effect. The influence of economic output was decreasing, while the influence of energy consumption intensity was increasing. 3) According to the Tapio decoupling model, the decoupling between carbon emissions and economic growth in Henan Province was mainly weak decoupling, and the decoupling index was decreasing year by year, and gradually moving towards a strong decoupling. In general, the carbon emission situation in Henan Province was well controlled from 2000 to 2020. Rational planning of land use, increasing the proportion of new energy consumption and reducing energy consumption intensity are recommended for energy saving and emission reduction in the region.