In order to explore the effects of chemical fertilizer (CF) reduction combined with organic fertilizers (OF biochemical or mineral fulvic acid potassium) on soil organic carbon (SOC) and its components, pot experiment was conducted to simulate field peanut planting, the treatments included: no fertilization (CK1) and pure chemical fertilizer (CK2) as controls, and 100% chemical fertilizer combined with 100% organic fertilizer (100%CF+100%OF), 75% chemical fertilizer combined with 25% organic fertilizer(75% CF+25% OF), 50% chemical fertilizer combined with 50% organic fertilizer(50% CF+50% OF), 25% chemical fertilizer combined with 75% organic fertilizer(25% CF+75% OF), and 100% organic fertilizer (100% OF). The content characteristics of SOC, soluble organic carbon (DOC), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), labile organic carbon (LOC) and recalcitrant organic carbon (ROC) were determined and discussed in different peanut growth stages. The results showed that SOC content and its components in each treatment of CF reduction combined with OF was significantly higher in flowering stage than in podding and mature stages, and the content of DOC and MBC was significantly higher in podding stage than in mature stage (P<0.05). SOC contents and its components under 25% CF+75% biochemical OF and under 50% CF+ 50% mineral OF were significantly higher than under CK1, CK2 and 100% OF. In flowering stage, the contents of SOC, DOC, MBC, LOC and ROC were 133.0 g/kg, 284.4 mg/kg, 269.7 mg/kg, 30.76 g/kg and 111.2 g/kg respectively under 25%CF+75% biochemical OF, 130.9 g/kg, 250.5 mg/kg, 251.7 mg/kg, 29.86 g/kg and 110.8 g/kg respectively under 50% CF+50% mineral OF. In summary, the effects of CF reduction combined with biochemical OF on SOC content and its components are better than with mineral OF, the effects of CF combined with OF is better in flowering stage than in podding and maturity stages, and 25% CF+75% biochemical OF is better in improving SOC and its components.