In order to explore the present situation and spatial distribution characteristics of farmland soil indexes and to provide scientific basis and data support for sustainable utilization of cultivated land resources in the upper reaches of Biliu River, 40 soil samples (0-20 cm) were collected, soil properties including specific gravity, particle size composition, electrical conductivity, pH, the contents of salt, organic matter, macro-elements (N, P, K), micro-elements (Cr, Cu, Zn, Mn, Ba) were determined, and geostatistics and ArcGIS were used to analyze the characteristics and spatial distribution of soil properties. The results showed that the spatial variabilities of soil properties all were moderate, in which Zn was the strongest (CV=59.58%) and specific gravity was the weakest (CV=2.61%). There were close correlations between soil properties, in which significant positive correlations were found between electrical conductivity with salt, pH with Cu and Mn, organic matter with N and P, K with Ba, Cu with Zn and Mn, Zn with Mn (P<0.01). A strong spatial autocorrelation was found in particle size composition, the weakest spatial autocorrelation in Cr and Cu, while moderate spatial autocorrelation in other soil properties, which indicated significant differences in the spatial distributions among different soil properties in the study.