Microplastic and phthalate pollution in soils is increasing owing to the long-term, large-scale use of agricultural films and the lack of effective recycling treatments. In this review, the characteristics of microplastics and phthalates in agricultural film were sort out, the coupled effects of physicochemical properties, anthropogenic factors and natural conditions were analyzed, the combined effects of biotic and abiotic factors on the migration of microplastics and phthalates in soil were concluded, the interaction and synergistic migration of microplastics and phthalates were discussed, and the evidence for transfer to the biophase and potential ecological risks and effects were summarized. Finally, based on the perspective of cooperative control, future studies were forecasted in terms of joint detection, migration modeling and ecological assessment.