【Objective】The distribution characteristics and influencing factors of soil alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen in the Hunan tobacco-rice area were explored.【Method】The alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen content of 2698 soil samples was detected. The potential influencing factors including soil-forming rock, planting system, plough layer thickness, altitude, soil pH, organic matter, and soil particle composition on soil alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen content in the Hunan tobacco-rice rotation area were investigated. 【Result】Soil alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen content is abundant in the Hunan tobacco-rice rotation area, with the range of 57.10~447.40mg/kg and an average content of 183.78mg/kg. The soil sample with a suitable alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen content of 110~180mg/kg accounts for 46.55%; The average soil alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen content in Anren County, Guiyang County and Linwu County, was high among the 10 counties, while the average soil alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen content in other counties was within the appropriate range. The spatial distribution of soil alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen content decreased from southeast to northwest. The content of alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen is relatively low in tobacco-corn planting systems. Soil alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen content increases with the plough layer thickness, soil pH and organic matter content. A parabolic relationship was found between soil alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen content and altitude (the peak value was between 150 m and 250m above sea level); Soil alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen content increased with the proportion of silt and decreased with the proportion of coarse sand. 【Conclusion】The spatial distribution of soil alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen content in the Hunan tobacco-rice area was uneven, which was significantly affected by soil forming rock, planting system, plough layer thickness, altitude, soil pH, organic matter, and soil particle composition, and in the formulation of fertilization program, regional fertilization strategies should be formulated according to local conditions.