In order to reveal the differences in soil fungal communities of different geographical provenances of Dendrocalamus brandisii, soil samples under Dendrocalamus brandisii were collected from 7 different geographical locations in Yunnan Province, which were Changning County of Baoshan City (CN), Mangshi County of Dehong Prefecture (MS), Cangyuan County of Lincang City(CY), Matai Township of Linxiang District of Lincang City (MT), Simao District of Pu'er City (SM), Shiping County of Honghe Prefecture (SP), and Xinping County of Yuxi City (XP), the fungal community structures were analyzed by using high-throughput sequencing technology and FUNGuild functional prediction, and their correlation with main soil factors were explored. The results showed: 1) There were significant differences in α diversity and β diversity of soil fungal community among different geographical provenances (P<0.05), in which CY was significantly higher than the other six regions, the fungal community structure of CN was most different from the other six regions; 2) At the phylum level, Ascomycota, Basidiomycota and Mortierellomycota were dominant in soil fungal community of 7 geographical provenances, accounted for more than 90% of all microorganisms; At the class level, Agaricomycetes, Sordariomycetes, Eurotiomycetes and Tremellomycetes were dominant; At the genus level, Agaricus was the dominant in SP and XP and the dominant genera were unclassified_p_Ascomycota and Archaeorhizomyces in CN, with Mortierella and Exophiala in CY, unclassified_c_Agaricomycetes and Trechispora in MS, Penicillium and unclassified_c_Sordariomycetes in MT, Saitozyma and Apiotrichum in SM; 3) Soil pH (R²= 0.775, P=0.00), organic matter (R²=0.627, P=0.001), available potassium(R²=0.548, P=0.002) and total nitrogen (R²= 0.542, P=0.003) were the main factors affecting fungal community; 4) Through FUNGuild functional comparison, it was found that soil fungal functional nutrition type of different geographical provenances of D.brandisii was mainly saprophytic nutrition type, and the main functional group was fungal parasite-undefned saprotroph. In conclusion, soil fungal community diversity, species composition and fungal function of different geographical provenances of D.brandisii are significantly different on the spatial scale with their own geographical characteristics.