In order to clarify the effects of long-term application of quicklime to improving acidic soil in the tobacco growing areas of southern Anhui on the absorption and utilization of potassium by tobacco, and to improve the utilization rate of potassium fertilizer and the potassium content of tobacco leaves, a two factor experimental pot experiment was conducted with different dosages of quicklime (0 (Ca0), 20 (Ca1), 60 (Ca2) g/plant) and potassium fertilizer (0 (K0), 15 (K1), 25 (K2) g/plant) to explore the effects of different dosages of quicklime and potassium fertilizer on tobacco growth, potassium accumulation and distribution, potassium fertilizer utilization rate, and tobacco leaf quality. The results showed that, 1) Lime application significantly reduced use efficiencies of potassium fertilizer from 12.40%-13.64% under Ca0 to 7.05%-8.31% under Ca2 by tobacco leaves, and from 20.41%-23.59% under Ca0 to 15.87%-18.31% under Ca2 by tobacco plant. 2) The addition of potassium fertilizer (K2) under Ca0 and Ca1 increased the agronomic traits such as biomass, plant height, stem circumference and effective leaf number of tobacco plants. Meanwhile, it also increased the yield, output value, and potassium content of tobacco leaves. However, Ca2 didn’t significantly improve the yield and use efficiency of potassium fertilizer (K2). In conclusion, excessive application of quicklime hindered potassium absorption in tobacco plants, leading to a decrease in potassium fertilizer efficiency and potassium content in tobacco leaves. It is recommended to apply lime 330 kg/hm² per year or 660 kg/hm² every other year, in combination with potassium fertilizer (K₂O) of 412 kg/hm² to improve soil acidity in tobacco fields, which can achieve a mutually beneficial outcome by simultaneously addressing soil modification, potassium extraction and enhancing the quality of tobacco leaves.