To investigate soil quality of the outer green belt of Shanghai and promote the improvement of vegetation function, in this study, 94 points were set up in the outer green belt of Shanghai, and the comprehensive evaluations of soil quality were conducted in terms of soil fertility quality, environmental quality, and health quality. The results showed that: 1) soil fertility quality was worrying, soil fertility quality indicators were mainly distributed in the fourth, fifth and sixth levels that hinder vegetation growth, 78.7% of the sampling sites were in the poor level of soil fertility quality; 2) soil environmental quality was good, with soil environmental quality indicators were mainly distributed in the first level without pollution. The proportion of soil environmental quality classified as clean was 88.3%; 3) soil health quality was not optimistic, and mainly distributed in the very low level (accounting for 72.6%). 4) soil bulk density, total porosity, non-capillary porosity, pH, organic matter, alkaline nitrogen, and available phosphorus were the main factors affecting soil fertility quality, which also significantly affected soil health quality. To comprehensively improve soil quality of green belt of Shanghai, organic and inorganic materials should be applied combinedly.