Potassium demand is high in the middle and late stage of wheat growth, and foliar spraying potassium can effectively relieve soil potassium deficiency. In this study, wheat (Tainong 108) was used as the test crop, and two consecutive field experiments were conducted from 2021 to 2023, in which a completely random block design was set up with five treatments: deionized water (CK), sorbitol (S), potassium chloride (K), sorbitol mixed potassium chloride (S+K), and sorbitol-chelated potassium chloride (SK). On the basis of conventional fertilization, potassium uptake and utilization of wheat after flowering under different spraying treatments were investigated. The results showed that: 1) SK significantly increased wheat yield by 34.89% in 2022 and 33.33% in 2023, compared with CK. 2) Potassium contents in roots, stems, leaves, and spikes of wheat under SK were higher than those of other treatments at the maturity stage, resulting in an increase of accumulated potassium in the whole plant by 48.3%, 58.1%, 34.2% and 48.3%, respectively, compared with other treatments. 3) Com pared waitl the other four treatments, SK sig nificantly increased soil peroxidase and sucrase activities in the milk filling stage and the end of milk filling stage, as well as soil urease and acid phosphatase activities at the maturity stage. 4) SK enhanced the relative abundance of the phylum of Actinobacteriota. Correlation analysis indicated a significant positively correlation between wheat yield and bacteria p-Actinobacteriota. In conclusion, foliar spraying sorbitol-chelated potassium after wheat flowering can significantly increase wheat yield by promoting the comprehensive availability of potassium.