In this study, the change trend of land use types was explored in the economic belt on the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains (EB-NSTN) from 2010 to 2020, the InVEST model was employed to assess spatial and temporal changes in water conservation, soil conservation, carbon storage, and habitat quality, and the trade-offs and synergies among ecosystem service functions were analyzed. The results showed that the provision of ecosystem services related to water conservation and soil retention increased first and then decreased, with a reduction of 31.93×10⁸ m³ and 6.43×10⁸ t, respectively. Carbon storage showed no significant change. Habitat quality changed little and the score remained about 0.3, but the area of excellent quality habitats decreased by 1 833 km². The spatial distribution of ecosystem services generally was high in the northwest and low in the southeast, the high values were distributed near the mountains, with the forest land was the main land use type. For many years, trade-off dynamics predominantly featured trade-offs, with synergistic relationships were observed between water conservation and soil preservation, as well as between carbon storage and habitat quality. In conclusion, the ecosystem services of NS-NSTM are declining, primarily because of shrinking forest areas and changing climatic conditions. In the future, in order to foster the sustainable ecosystem service in this region, it is essential to expand the forest area with a warning size boundary, and establish a dynamic meteorological monitoring system to address extreme weather events.