The tobacco-planting area of Chengjiang City in the northern part of Fuxian Lake Basin was taken as the object, 107 typical tobacco fields were selected, topsoils and C3F tobacco leaves were sampled, the macro-, meso- and micro-nutrients of soil and the elemental contents and quality indexes of tobacco leaves were determined and compared, and the ratio of soil other nutrient content to available phosphorus content was used to evaluate soil nutrient imbalance. The results showed that soil nutrient contents were generally high, the mean contents of alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, and available copper were 103.75, 59.72, 195.72, and 3.68 mg/kg, respectively, and the mean content of potassium in tobacco leaves was 26.1 g/kg. With the increase of soil available phosphorus content, the ratios of soil nutrients, such as alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus, exchangeable calcium and magnesium, and available copper, iron and manganese, to available phosphorus showed an exponential downward trend, indicating a serious soil nutrient imbalance. Soil nutrient imbalance increased the contents of nitrogen, potassium and nicotine, but significantly decreased the contents of copper, manganese and zinc, and reducing sugar in tobacco leaves, thus significantly impacted the quality of tobacco. In the future, for the improvement of the quality of tobacco leaves, accurate fertilization should be applied according to soil nutrient imbalance status and the changing characteristics of tobacco quality.