Based on Landsat multispectral remote sensing images and field measured soil salinity data, the remote sensing monitoring index model was constructed by using spectral indices such as salinity index and normalized vegetation index with soil salinity to analyze the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of soil salinity in Minqin Oasis in different seasons of the year. The results showed that: 1) The inversion accuracy of the remote sensing soil salinity monitoring index model was up to 0.746 considering the vegetation factor; 2) The overall distribution pattern of soil salinization in the studyarea was low in the south and high in the north, low in the west and high in the east, which was affected differently by terrain physical features; 3) Soil salinity accumulated in the summer and autumn and reduced in the spring and winter, forming the seasonal characteristic of “salt reduction-salt accumulation-salt accumulation-salt reduction” in a year, and the direction of seasonal evolution was mainly the mutual transformation between saline soil and heavy salinized soil, between heavy salinized soil and moderate salinized soil.