In order to make efficient use of removed trash, the agronomic characteristics and nutrient accumulations in sugarcane, and soil nutrient contents under different application methods of trash in furrows were investigated. In this study, a field experiment was conducted using sugarcane cultivar Guitang 44, and five treatments were set up in the new planting season, which included no trash returning (CK), 100% trash applied at the bottom of furrows (T1), 100% trash applied on the surface of furrows (T2), 50% trash applied at the bottom of furrows + 50% trash applied on the surface of furrows (T3), and 100% trash mixed with furrow soil (T4). The results showed that plant heights, aboveground and underground stalk heights, and stalk weights of newly planted sugarcanes under the four trash application treatments and ratoon sugarcane under T1 and T4 were lower than those under CK, with T1 being the most significant. Stalk numbers of sugarcanes in two seasons were the highest under T4, followed by CK, and lowest under T2. T4 obtained the highest yields of cane in two seasons, which accumulated to 185.35 t/hm² and increased by 3.44%-22.29% compared with other treatments, and significantly different from T1 and T2. The accumulations of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) in sugarcanes in two seasons were the highest under T4, and the accumulative amount increased by 2.70%-16.86%, 2.92%-18.34%, and 2.57%-17.04% compared with other treatments, respectively, and significantly different from T1 and T2. Soil organic matter contents under the four trash application treatments were significantly higher than that under CK, and the contents of total N, P and K, alkali-hydrolyzed N, available P and K were also higher than those before the experiment, and the increases were larger under T1 and T2. However, there were no significant difference in soil nutrient contents among the four trash application treatments. Considering the changes in sugarcane yield, nutrient accumulation, and soil nutrient content, 100% trash mixed with furrow soil (T4) is a better option.