In this study, the infiltration capacities under three typical forest stand types (moso-bamboo forest, moso-bamboo-fir mixed forest, and fir Forest) in Anji County of Zhejiang Province were measured using a table-top double-ring infiltrometer, and the influence of soil properties and root characteristics on soil infiltration rate was analyzed. The results showed that, 1) the initial (947.7–1 220.5 mm/h), the 1^st stage (612.6–751.6 mm/h), the 2^nd stage (479.0–591.3 mm/h), the 3^rd stage (352.9–433.4 mm/h), the stabilized (272.0–369.0 mm/h), and the average (373.1–498.2 mm/h) infiltration rates increased with intensified degree of bamboo invasion. Except for the initial infiltration rate, the others generally reflected the following pattern: severe invasion (moso-bamboo forest) > moderate invasion (moso-bamboo-fir mixed forest) > no invasion (fir forest). 2) Initial, 1^st stage and average infiltration rates were mainly influenced by clay contents in 0–10 cm layer, fine root biomass (< 2mm) and soil bulk density in 10–20 cm layer; 2^nd stage, 3^rd stage and stable infiltration rates were mainly influenced by non-capillary tube porosity, fine root biomass (< 2 mm) in 0-10 cm layer and fine root long density in 10–20 cm layer. 3) Fine root biomass (< 2 mm) and root length density may indirectly affect soil infiltration rate by influencing soil non-capillary porosity, bulk density and clay content. 4) The Kostiakov model was the best model to describe soil infiltration process in three typical forest stand types.