Soil health evaluation needs to consider regional natural endowment and environmental characteristics, and the selection of evaluation indicators should be determined based on different regional characteristics. In order to ensure that the selected indicators can represent the key attributes and functions of Yinchuan Plain soils, this study, based on the investigation and collection of 147 sample points of Yinchuan Plain farmland soils and the testing and analysis of 16 soil physical, chemical, and biological indicators, screened the minimum dataset for evaluation of farmland soil health by using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) method, and evaluated the health of farmland soils in the Yinchuan Plain by applying the Soil Health Index (SHI) method.The results showed that the minimum dataset for soil health evaluation of farmland in Yinchuan Plain contained eight indicators: soil water content, water-stable macroaggregates, pH, total salt, total nitrogen, effective phosphorus, organic matter and microbial amount of carbon.The soil health indices of the minimum dataset and the full dataset calculated using the weighted composite method showed a highly significant strong positive correlation (r = 0.920, P < 0.001), and the linear regression fitting equation between the health indices of the minimum dataset and the full dataset was better (R2 ^{= 0.846,} P < 0.001), which indicated that the screened minimum dataset could represent the full dataset for Yinchuan Plain farmland soil health evaluation.The results of this study can provide theoretical support for the evaluation of farmland soil health in the Yinchuan Plain as well as for green agricultural production.