As a critical reserve of arable land, the enhancement and utilization of salinized farmland plays a significant strategic role in safeguarding China's food security. Soil amendments served to improve soil properties, enhance soil quality, and increase both crop yield and quality. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive review of research progress regarding the impact of soil amendments on the growth, yield, and quality of cereal and oilseed crops, as well as their role in enhancing soil properties in salinized farmland. We also identified several issues in the comprehensive study of soil amendments, such as the insufficient research on novel composite, eco-friendly soil amendments, the lack of thorough research on integrated remediation strategies, and the limited investigation into the synergistic development of soil amendment applications and novel potassium fertilizers, along with their nutrient use efficiency. Finally, it is emphasized that China can leverage the recycling of agricultural by-products to develop soil amendments that improve the properties of salinized soil, balance product cost, and deliver stable results. This approach expands the cultivation of cereal and oilseed crops in salinized farmland and holds promising potential for the effective utilization of reserved arable land resources, ultimately ensuring national food security.