To evaluate soil carbon sequestration and soil quality under different land use types in Ningguo City, Anhui Province, soil samples were systematically collected from paddy fields, Carya cathayensis plantations, and tea plantations during 2016-2019, soil pH, soil organic carbon (SOC), total contents of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace elements were determined, and soil quality index (SQI) were comprehensively assessed using the area-based method. Results showed no significant difference in SOC contents between paddy fields and Carya cathayensis plantations, whereas tea plantations exhibited 26% lower in SOC compared to Carya cathayensis plantations. Carya cathayensis plantations showed significantly higher total contents in macronutrients (N, P, and K) and micronutrients (Zn, B, Cu, Se, Co, Mo, Ni, and V), while nutrient levels in paddy fields and tea plantations remained relatively low. Additionally, soil pH was significantly higher in Carya cathayensis plantations. The comprehensive evaluation revealed that SQI was the highest in Carya cathayensis plantations, followed by paddy fields, while the lowest in tea plantations.