Phosphorus is one of the key limiting factors affecting rice growth and yield formation.pqqC is considered to be an important phosphate-solubilizing gene involved in the dissolution of inorganic phosphorus in soil. However, the changes of pqqC -harboring bacteria community structure and the turnover of soil inorganic phosphorus components in rice rhizosphere soil under phosphorus deficiency stress are still unknown. In this study, pot experiments were conducted for 5 consecutive years with phosphorus deficiency ( -P ) and phosphorus addition (+P) treatments. In the fifth year, the transformation of soil phosphorus components and the structure and composition of pqqC -harboring bacteria were determined. The results showed that phosphorus deficiency and phosphorus addition significantly affected the composition and structure of pqqC -harboring bacteria. Long-term phosphorus deficiency stress increased the diversity of pqqC -harboring bacteria community in rice rhizosphere, increased the relative abundance of Pseudomonas, Methylibium, Rhizobacter and Ramlibacter, and improved the transformation of Al-P in soil inorganic phosphorus.