Crop growth is influenced by overall soil fertility. In coastal saline-alkali areas, however, the characteristics of overall soil fertility remain unclear due to high and fluctuating salt content. To address this, this study focused on typical coastal saline-alkali land in Huanghua City, Cangzhou, Hebei Province. A total of 143 topsoil samples (0-20 cm depth) were collected and analyzed for six key indicators: soil organic matter (SOM), total nitrogen (TN), available phosphorus (AP), available potassium (AK), pH, and electrical conductivity (EC). The fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method was employed to assess overall soil fertility. The results showed an average soil pH of 8.11, indicating alkalinity, with a low variation (coefficient of variation=2.59%). The average EC was 367.01 μS/cm, corresponding to the second-level standard. The mean contents of SOM, TN, and AP were 22.12 g/kg, 1.34 g/kg, and 18.86 mg/kg, respectively, all meeting the third-level standard. The mean AK content was 287.17 mg/kg, reaching the first-level standard. All five indicators exhibited a moderate degree of variation. The average soil integrated fertility index (IFI) was 0.562, placing it within the third fertility level (0.4≤IFI<0.6), which indicates generally low soil fertility in the study area. TN, SOM, and AP showed higher weights on the IFI (0.292 0, 0.240 4, and 0.146 2, respectively) and were significantly correlated at the P<0.01 level, identifying them as key factors affecting soil fertility. In contrast, pH, AK, and EC had lower weights (0.118 2, 0.102 9, and 0.100 4, respectively), suggesting their relatively minor influence. In conclusion, to improve the overall fertility of coastal saline-alkali soils in Hebei Province, key strategies should include the combined application of organic and inorganic (especially nitrogen) fertilizers, along with measures for salt-alkali control and drainage.