To understand the current status of soil nutrients of Jinggang honey pomelo orchards in typical red soil area, the distribution and spatial distribution characteristics of 16 fertility indicators, including soil pH value, organic matter, cation exchange capacity, macroelements, and available trace elements, were analyzed in 101 Jinggang honey pomelo orchards of 13 counties (cities, districts) in Ji'an City, a typical red soil area. The fuzzy mathematical membership function model and weight coefficient method were used to comprehensively evaluate the soil fertility index (IFI) of the orchards. The results showed that the average pH value of the soil in the Jinggang honey pomelo orchard in Ji'an City was 5.17, which was in an acidic state. The average value of hydrolytic nitrogen is 56.40 mg/kg, which was in a deficient state. The average value of available boron was 0.23 mg/kg, which was in a severe deficiency state. The average value of electrical conductivity was 64.52 us/cm, indicating a very low salinity. Therefore, pH value, hydrolytic nitrogen, available boron and electrical conductivity were the main limiting factors affecting soil fertility in Jingang honey pomelo orchards. The content of organic matter, total nitrogen, and available potassium was in a moderate state, while total phosphorus, total potassium, and available phosphorus were in a rich state. Effective trace elements such as effective zinc, effective copper, exchangeable manganese, effective sulfur, and effective iron were abundant or extremely abundant. From a spatial distribution perspective, the soil pH value showed a high distribution in the middle and a low distribution in the surrounding areas. The soil organic matter content, hydrolyzable nitrogen, and available potassium showed a low distribution in the east and a high distribution in the west. The soil available phosphorus showed a high distribution in the north and south and a low distribution in the middle. The average comprehensive index of soil fertility in orchards was 0.45, and the overall soil fertility level was the moderate. Among them, the comprehensive indexes of soil fertility in Yongxin County, Jishui County, and Qingyuan District of Ji'an City were 0.37, 0.38, and 0.34, respectively, the soil fertility of three counties (districts) was the poor. All in all, it was recommended to apply organic fertilizer combined with lime, and integrated soil improvement and fertility enhancement techniques such as intercropping green manure in orchards and increasing boron fertilizer application to improve soil fertility in orchards.