To explore the trend of dynamic changes in soil infiltration capacity and the influencing factors during the natural recovery process of wildfire-damaged land in southwestern arid valleys, soil water infiltration capacity was continuously measured in situ at half a year (0.5YAF), one year (1YAF), two years (2YAF) and three years (3YAF) after the fire, and at forest land not disturbed by fire (CF). The results showed that soil unsaturated hydraulic conductivity (UHC) followed the order: 1YAF (4.19 cm/d)>CF (3.01 cm/d)>3YAF (2.83 cm/d)>2YAF (2.67 cm/d)>0.5YAF (2.28 cm/d). The infiltration process could be fitted by a quadratic polynomial, and the Philip model had the best simulation effect (the average R²=0.78). UHC was significant positively correlated with root weight density (r=0.553^**), aboveground biomass (r=0.454^**) and >2 mm water-stable aggregate content (r=0.397^*), and negatively correlated with rainfall(r= -0.600^**), ash thickness(r= -0.494^**), and bulk density (r= -0.465^**). The trend of vegetation restoration after fire was closely related to environmental factors and soil properties, and vegetation had the most significant influence on water conductivity, with a total effect of 0.789. This study can provide a scientific basis for assessing soil erosion and ecological risks in areas affected by forest fires.