Red soil suffers from issues such as aluminum toxicity, low phosphorus efficiency, and pathogenic infections, which severely restrict crop growth and yield. Synthetic microbial communities (SynCom) hold great potential in improving rhizosphere microecology and enhancing stress resistance due to their predictable functions and environmental adaptability. However, the colonization of exogenous synthetic microbiota in red soil rhizosphere is challenged by native microbial competition, high concentrations of active aluminum toxicity, and allelopathic effects of root exudates. This study focused on the precise construction of synthetic communities in red soil, addressing three core questions: methods for selecting suitable strains based on functional complementarity and synergistic effects; using cross-feeding experiments to analyze metabolic interaction networks within the community and establish quantitative models; revealing how rhizosphere communication mechanisms regulate the colonization efficiency of synthetic microbiota. Relevant research provided theoretical and technical foundations for microbial improvement strategies to enhance soil quality and productivity in red soil regions.