Soil microbial electrochemistry, an emerging interdisciplinary field integrating microbiology, electrochemistry, environmental soil science, and other disciplines, focuses on utilizing the metabolic processes of soil electroactive microorganisms to enable energy conversion. Meanwhile, bioelectrochemical systems (BES) have emerged as the core technical platform for the application of this field in soil environments, given their distinct advantages of low energy consumption and environmental friendliness. This paper reviewed the latest research advances in the application of BES in soil environments and provided an outlook on the demands and trends for future development. It provided a detailed analysis of the current research status of BES in major application fields within soil environments, and specifically elaborated on the latest research findings regarding BES in areas including remediation of soil organic pollutant contamination, heavy metal pollution remediation, regulation of soil element cycling, and soil biosensing. The paper indicated that BES hold broad application prospects in soil environments, with particularly prominent potential in the field of pollution remediation. Furthermore, this paper revealed that BES faces multiple constraints from basic research to practical application, including limitations related to electrode materials, electroactive microorganisms, application conditions (especially in-situ application). Based on these observations, future research needs to achieve breakthroughs across multiple dimensions. Key efforts should focus on exploring strategies to enhance the operational efficiency of BES, developing environmentally friendly and cost-effective electrode materials, exploring and effectively utilizing electroactive microorganisms in soil, and investigating technologies and methods for applying BES in in-situ. These endeavors aim to advance the development of BES into a feasible and promising technical approach for soil environmental remediation and ecological function regulation.