Soil enzyme stoichiometry is an important indicator for revealing microbial nutrient limitations. This study investigated soil ecoenzymatic stoichiometry and its driving factors across different vegetation communities (plantations, secondary forests, and grasslands) in Baise City, Guangxi. Enzyme activities, including β-glucosidase (BG), β-N-acetylglucosaminidase (NAG), leucine aminopeptidase (LAP), and acid phosphatase (ACP), were measured in soil layers at 0-90 cm depth, combined with analyses of soil physicochemical properties. The results showed that: 1) vegetation community type significantly influenced enzyme activities and stoichiometric ratios. In the 0-30 cm layer, BG activity in the Eucalyptus plantation was as high as 196.98 μmol/(g·d), 17.33 times of that of grassland, while LAP activity was highest in grassland (12.82 μmol/(g·d)). 2) Ecoenzymatic stoichiometric ratios revealed that Eucalyptus plantation had the highest E_C∶N (1.23), while grassland showed the highest E_N∶P (3.19), reflecting differences in microbial nutrient acquisition strategies among communities. 3) Soil enzyme activities decreased significantly with depth. BG activity in Eucalyptus plantations declined by 85.7% in the 60-90 cm layer compared to the surface, while the maximum enzyme vector length (2.86) in secondary forests at 60-90 cm indicated severe microbial carbon limitation in deeper soils. 4) Soil total organic carbon (TOC), pH, and available phosphorus were key factors regulating enzymatic stoichiometry. 5) Vector analysis indicated that soil microorganisms in secondary forests were most strongly limited by carbon, grassland communities were primarily nitrogen-limited, and soil microbes in the Eucalyptus globulus plantation were phosphorus-limited. In conclusion, this study elucidated the divergent patterns of soil ecoenzymatic stoichiometry between subtropical plantations and secondary forests and their environmental drivers, providing a scientific basis for sustainable plantation management and ecosystem restoration in the region.