Red soil is a vital resource in tropical and subtropical regions. However, in the context of rapid modern industrial and agricultural development, red soil acidification has become increasingly severe, seriously constraining regional agricultural sustainability and ecological security. This paper systematically reviews the acidification processes of red soils under natural and anthropogenic influences, critically evaluates the acidification rates and estimation methods associated with different land uses, and proposes a multi-dimensional, integrated management framework. This work provides a theoretical basis for a comprehensive understanding of the red soil acidification problem, the scientific assessment of its ecological risks, and the formulation of effective regional control strategies. This is of great theoretical and practical significance for safeguarding soil security and environmental health in red soil regions.