The soil chemical properties under different protectorate cultural time and different soil layer in Chenggong County, Yunnan Province, were studied. The result showed that soil organic matter, exchangeable Ca and Mg with longer protectorate cultural time was lower, the soil pH under different protectorate cultural time had also become lower than that in opening soils slightly. While the content of available N, P, K had accumulated higher with longer protectorate cultural than that of opening soils. Total N, P, K content have slight accumulated as its available forms. What's more, whether protectorate culture or not soil organic matter content was higher than that in 1984.