Long-term high input of P to the soil has resulted in elevated levels of soil P and increased potential of P loss from the soil. Eutrophication of most freshwater bodies is limited by P. Phosphorus loss from agricultural land accelerates eutrophication of lakes and streams, and is an important component of nonpoint-source pollution. This paper provides a brief review of the literature available, including contribution of soil P to waterbody eutrofication, soil P loss pathways and limiting factors, a series of indices for P in water and soil, strategies for controlling P loss (such as land use management, legislation, policy, etc.).