The current land use pattern of the farmland resources in the southern part of Jiangsu Province was described from the aspects of acreage, fertility and distribution of agricultural land. Problems like decreasing acreage, soil nutrient disequilibrium, aggravating pollution and soil acidification of farmland were discussed. On such a basis, countermeasures were proposed to conserve the acreage, improve quality of the basic farmland, and perfect land conservation related laws and regulations.