Taking the tobacco-planting area of Chengjiang City in the northern part of Fuxian Lake Basin as the object, 107 typical tobacco fields were selected, the macro-, meso- and micro-nutrients of soil and the elemental contents and chemical composition indexes of tobacco were investigated, and the ratio of soil other nutrient contents to available phosphorus was used to evaluate soil nutrient imbalance. The results showed that the overall soil nutrient contents in the study area were high, the mean contents of hydrolyzed nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, and available copper were 103.75 mg/kg, 59.72 mg/kg, 195.72 mg/kg, and 3.68 mg/kg, respectively, and the mean potassium content of the tobacco leaves was 2.61%. With the increase of soil available phosphorus content, the ratioes of soil nutrients, such as alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus, exchangeable calcium and exchangeable magnesium, copper, iron and manganese, to soil available phosphorus showed an exponential downward trend, indicating a serious soil nutrient imbalance. Soil nutrient imbalance increased the uptakes of nitrogen, potassium and nicotine, but significantly decreased the uptakes of copper, manganese, and zinc in tobacco and the accumulation of water-soluble sugar, showing that it had a significant impact on the quality of tobacco. In the future, fertilizer application techniques should be accurately optimized according to the soil imbalance status and the changing characteristics of tobacco quality in the tobacco planting process, in order to improve the quality of tobacco leaves in the study area.