缓释BB肥对小麦玉米产量、氮肥利用率和土壤养分的影响
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山东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所/养分资源高效利用全国重点实验室/农业农村部废弃物基质化利用重点实验室

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S143;S158.3

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Effects of slow-release BB fertilizer on wheat and corn yield, nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate and soil nutrients
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Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment,Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management/Key Laboratory of Wastes Matrix Utilization

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    摘要:

    针对机械施肥中存在肥料结块粘连堵塞施肥口的问题,本研究采用不同类型肥料混配,制备出5种缓释BB肥,采用大区试验研究砂壤潮土上缓释BB肥与速效肥对小麦、玉米产量、氮肥利用率和土壤养分的影响。结果表明:与速效肥相比,缓释BB肥3、缓释BB肥4使小麦玉米产量增加,玉米增幅分别为10.7%、5.7%;小麦分别为10.3%、11.6%。玉米千粒重分别增加4.3%、3.4%;小麦亩穗数分别增加10.5%、6.5%。氮肥利用率增加,玉米季分别增加19.6、15.0个百分点;小麦季分别增加15.0、12.9个百分点。小麦季磷吸收量分别增加15.8%和11.9%。土壤有机质增加,玉米季增幅分别为8.5%、6.6%;小麦季分别为17.9%和15.2%。玉米收获后土壤pH值分别降低0.27、0.22个单位。小麦收获后土壤有效磷分别增加7.8、8.9 mg/kg。小麦季,0-20cm土壤全氮分别增加0.25、0.26g/kg;20-40cm分别降低0.29、0.05g/kg;40-60cm分别降低0.01、0.1g/kg。综合各项指标,在砂壤潮土上,玉米季选择缓释BB肥3,即氯基长效稳定性肥料(26-10-12),小麦季选用缓释BB肥3或4,即含腐植酸的缓释掺混肥(24-15-6)+重钙+氯化钾和复合肥(30-0-5)或含植物油包膜尿素的长效生态肥(25-13-7)+二铵+重钙+氯化钾和复合肥(30-0-5),作为机械施用的肥料。

    Abstract:

    In view of the problem of fertilizer clumping and blocking the fertilizing port in mechanical fertilization, this study prepared 5 kinds of slow-release BB fertilizers by mixing different types of fertilizers, and used regional tests to study the effects of slow-release BB fertilizers and quick-release fertilizer on wheat and corn yield, nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate and soil nutrients on sandy loam paddy soil. The results showed that compared with quick-release fertilizer, slow-release BB fertilizer 3 and slow-release BB fertilizer 4 increased the yield of corn and wheat, the yield of corn increased by 10.7% and 5.7%; wheat increased by 10.3% and 11.6%, respectively. The thousand grain weight of corn increased by 4.3% and 3.4%; wheat number of ears per mu increased by 10.5% and 6.5%. Nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency increased, the corn season increased by 19.6 and 15.0 percentage points, respectively; the wheat season increased by 15.0 and 12.9 percentage points, respectively. Phosphorus absorption in wheat season increased by 15.8% and 11.9%, respectively. Soil organic matter increased, the corn season increased by 8.5% and 6.6%; the wheat season increased by 17.9% and 15.2%, respectively. The pH value of the soil decreased by 0.27 and 0.22 after corn harvest. The available phosphorus increased by 7.8 and 8.9 mg/kg after wheat harvest, respectively. Wheat season, 0-20cm soil total nitrogen increased by 0.25 and 0.26g/kg, respectively; 20-40cm decreased by 0.29 and 0.05g/kg, respectively; 40-60cm decreased by 0.01 and 0.1g/kg. Considering all the indexes, on sandy loam tidal soil , compound slow-release BB fertilizer 3, namely chlorinebased long-term stable fertilizer (26-10-12), should be selected in corn season. Compound slow-release BB fertilizer3 or 4, namely slow-release mixed fertilizer containing humic acid (24-15-6)+heavy calcium+potassium chloride and compound fertilizer (30-0-5) or long-term ecological fertilizer containing urea coated with plant oil (25-13-7), DAP+ heavy calcium+ potassium chloride and compound fertilizer (30-0-5), should be selected in wheat season, They can be used as mechanically applied fertilizers.

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  • 收稿日期:2026-01-16
  • 最后修改日期:2026-02-09
  • 录用日期:2026-02-12
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