To investigate the effects of different calcium sources coupled with urease-producing bacteria on cadmium (Cd) immobilization in soil and their impact on soil properties, this study conducted a soil incubation experiment. There are six treatments: CK (control), N (0.5% urea), T1 (0.5% calcium chloride), T2 (0.5% calcium acetate), NTJ1 (0.5% urea, 0.5% calcium chloride, and 15% bacteria), and NTJ2 (0.5% urea, 0.5% calcium acetate, and 15% bacteria). We examined changes in available Cd, soil properties, and enzymes activities under different treatments. Results indicated that available Cd content significantly decreased by 23.6% and 49.1% in the T2 and NTJ2 treatments, respectively, relative to the CK. The NTJ2 treatment exhibited the lowest available Cd content, representing a significant 32.2% reduction compared to T2. This demonstrates that calcium acetate combined with urease-producing bacteria more effectively immobilized Cd. Furthermore, compared to CK, total nitrogen, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, and catalase activity increased by 20.8% to 26.5%, 44.2% to 206.8%, and 56.9% to 73.8% in the NTJ1 and NTJ2 treatments, respectively. In summary, combining calcium acetate with urease-producing bacteria effectively enhanced Cd immobilization while increasing soil nitrogen content and enzyme activity, offering a viable strategy for synergistic cadmium immobilization and fertility enhancement in farmland soils.