The terminology definitions and testing methods for organic matter, humic acid, and fulvic acid in 7 national standards and 22 industry standards were analyzed. It was concluded that, apart from qualitative descriptions, the essential characteristic for accurately expressing and distinguishing the definitions of organic matter, humic acid, and fulvic acid in fertilizer standards lies in the testing methods. The main issues manifest in three inconsistencies: non-uniformity in oxidation temperature and oxidation correction coefficients, non-uniformity in carbon coefficients, and non-uniformity between testing methods and the connotations of the substances being tested. The reasons for the organic matter content exceeding 100% in testing results were analyzed. The essence of standards is unification. Aiming at the problem that the results of the same component to be tested are inconsistent under different product standards, to ensure accurate detection of organic matter content, reflect quality characteristics truthfully, and better serve agricultural production, recommendations were proposed for the scientific formulation of organic matter testing standards in fertilizers.