The problem of soil pesticide residues in Chinese herbal medicine producing areas has become one of the key factors affecting the quality and safety of medicinal materials, and phytoremediation has become an important direction of soil environmental pollution research. In this study, contaminated soil with excessive pesticide residues was cultivated before sowing in the field. A large-scale experiment was conducted with Lolium multiforum Lan., Medicago sativa L., Phleum pratense, Brassica napus L., Calendula officinalis Land Helianthus tuberosus L. as test plants, and natural degradation of contaminated soil was used as control. The enrichment of plant pesticide residues, the content of pesticide residues in plant soil, soil physicochemical properties, soil enzyme activity and bacterial community structure of different plants were compared and analyzed. Combined with the correlation analysis of soil physicochemical factors, to study the remediation effect of different plants on pesticide contaminated soil. The results showed that Planting Medicago sativa L. and Brassica napus L significantly increased the content of total nitrogen, alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen and organic matter in soil, the total TN content of the two increased by 53.85 % and 38.46 % respectively compared with CK, and the HN content increased by 42.27 % and 39.58 %, the contents of total phosphorus, available phosphorus, rapidly available potassium and cationic exchange capacity in Brassica napus L. soil were the highest. During the growth period of plants, the activities of soil CAT, ACP and URE basically experienced a process of increasing first and then decreasing, but finally the soil enzyme activity of Brassica napus L. was the highest, and the soil enzyme activity of the control was the lowest. Based on the results of high-throughput sequencing, there were significant differences in the relative abundance and community composition of bacteria in the six plant soils. Proteobacteria, Actinobacteriota and Bacteroidota were the top three dominant phyla in several soils, and their abundances were significantly different. The relative abundance of Proteobacteria was the highest in the Brassica napus L., the relative abundance of Actinobacteria was the highest in the Lolium multiforum Lam., and the relative abundance of Bacteroidota was the highest in the Phleum pratense. Spearman correlation analysis revealed that Sphingomonas, which is widely distributed in soil and used for ecological restoration, was significantly positively correlated with AK, AP and electrical conductivity. The key soil physicochemical factors affecting soil bacterial community structure were AK, total potassium and EC, followed by pH, OM, TN, AP and HN. In summary, Planting plants can improve the soil ecological environment to varying degrees. Combined with various indicators, Brassica napus L. was finally selected to have a significant remediation effect on organic pesticide-contaminated soil. The results of this study can provide theoretical basis and practical guidance for the ecological restoration of farmland in Chinese herbal medicine producing areas and the phytoremediation technology of pesticide-contaminated soil.