Elevated?tropospheric O3 concentration has altered the whole biosphere and eco-environment worsely, and has influenced indirectly on soil microbes. Investigating soil microbial responses was the key to evaluate terrestrial ecosystems’ change under elevated tropospheric O3 concentration. This article reviewed the general situation of elevated tropospheric O3 concentration effects on terrestrial ecosystems, and introduced the responses of soil microbes under artificial environment condition with designed O3 concentrations. Then, more experiments were suggested to investigate the effects of elevated tropospheric O3 concentration on soil microbes, including soil microbial biomass and activity (such as nitrification and denitrification), microbial community structure and function (such as straw decomposition), as well as beneficial microbes (such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi) and their application in controlling ozone disaster.