Applying lime to tea plantation acid soil according to 1.4% proportion increased soil pH value from 4.1 to 6.88, and increased the amounts of bacteria and actinomycetes by nearly a hundred times, while fungi more adapt to acid environment was slightly lower than that of CK group (without lime). pH value of acid soil decreased slowly in early 45 days, but later increased a little; the amounts of various physiological groups of bacteria increased rapidly in the earlier stage, then decreased after 20 - 30 days. The results showed adjusting pH is the best way to promote indigenous microbial fauna and activity in tea plantation acid soil.