This short–term laboratory experiment conducted to determine the effects of earthworm activity under residues using on the distribution and water stable ability of soil aggregates and the distribution of soil organic carbon in water stable aggregates with different diameter. The results showed that earthworm inoculation significantly increased the content of large-macro aggregates in all the treatments (p＜0.05), while decreased the content of other aggregates with no significant differences, which implied that earthworms transformed clay and micro-aggregates into macro aggregates (by dry sieving), especially in SRME treatment. Earthworm inoculation also increased the content of soil water-stable aggregates when no residues used or the residue mixed (by wet sieving), and the result was opposite when residue covered and in SRCE treatment, the content of water-stable aggregates (0.25 - 0.053 mm) was seriously decreased by the earthworm inoculation. The content of total organic carbon in clays was higher than that in water-stable aggregates except in SRCE treatment, and earthworm inoculation could decrease the percentage of clay carbon and increase the percentage of aggregate carbon. Earthworm inoculation and residues application could significantly affect the distribution and water stable ability of soil aggregates. Earthworm inoculation mainly affected water stable micro-aggregates, while the residues application mainly affected macro-aggregates, and there were significant correlation between the water stable aggregates and MWD, so it can be concluded that the residues application was the main factors affecting water stable aggregates. Further, earthworm inoculation significantly affected the distributions of soil organic carbon in soil aggregates with different diameters.